What Is External Fixation?
External fixation is a surgical method used to stabilize fractured bones or correct deformities using a frame outside the body. Metal pins or wires are inserted into the bone through the skin and connected to an external scaffold, which holds the bone in proper alignment during healing. One advanced form of this technique is the Ilizarov method, which uses a circular frame and is particularly useful for complex fractures, limb lengthening, or bone deformity correction.
When Is External Fixation Recommended?
External fixation may be recommended in the following situations:
- Open fractures with soft tissue damage
- Severe bone infections (osteomyelitis)
- Bone lengthening procedures
- Complex or unstable fractures
- Joint contractures or deformities
- When internal fixation is not safe or possible
How Is External Fixation Performed?
Under anesthesia, the surgeon inserts metal pins or wires into the bone above and below the fracture site. These are connected to an external frame that keeps the bone in the correct position. In Ilizarov fixation, a circular frame allows for precise, adjustable control of bone length and alignment. The frame stays in place for several weeks to months, depending on the condition being treated.
Recovery After External Fixation
Recovery includes regular follow-up appointments to monitor healing and make frame adjustments. Patients may need physical therapy and are educated on how to clean pin sites to prevent infection. Weight-bearing may be allowed early, depending on the stability of the fixation.
Risks of External Fixation
- Pin site infection
- Joint stiffness
- Frame discomfort
- Delayed healing
- Neurovascular injury
Benefits of External Fixation
- Minimally invasive to injured tissue
- Early mobilization
- Adjustable for alignment and length
- Useful for complex or infected fractures
